Biblical Exegesis and Jewish-Christian relations from the perspective of Thomas Aquinas’ Commentary on the Letter to the Hebrews (2020-2023)

1. Scientific goal of the project

Research problem

In order to formulate the research problem driving the project and its objectives it is necessary to describe the present situation regarding our topic. Two lines of research (LoR) are involved. On the one hand, knowledge of medieval biblical exegesis (Dahan 1999; Dahan 2009, Levy 2018) has increased considerably in recent decades. Almost simultaneously there has been a renewed interest in the biblical exegesis of Thomas Aquinas and the development of a biblical Thomism ( Roszak/Vijgen 2015; Roszak/Vijgen 2018) which seeks to combine historical exegesis and speculative-systematical understanding of Scripture (LoR 1).

A second line of research (LoR 2), on the other hand, has been for the past seventy years attempting to arrive at a reconfiguration of Jewish-Christian relations have invested deeply into historical-political (Cohen 1982; Dahan 1990; Füllenbach 2014) and theological investigations (Dalin 2008) into the issue. In particular, the issue of Christian ‘supersessionism’, a term which is defined in various ways but one that centers around the question whether the Jewish faith has a positive theological significance for the Christian faith, has recently received renewed attention (D’Costa 2014), including the position of Thomas Aquinas in this regard (Levering 2001, Bogolawski 2008, Hammele 2012, Tapie 2015, Levering 2016, Cohen 2017).

A common element of these two lines of research (medieval biblical exegesis (LoR 1) and Jewish-Christian relations (LoR 2)) is the absence of any substantial discussion of Thomas Aquinas’s commentary on the Letter to the Hebrews (the exception being Guggenheim 2004). This scientific lacuna is remarkable because precisely the Letter to the Hebrews goes into great detail exploring Jewish-Christian relations and because, as Biblical Thomism has shown, Aquinas uses a rich variety of methods and sources to arrive at a dialogue with biblical texts which retrieves the foundational insights of the texts as well as explores its potential for further development (Vijgen 2018).

The chief reasons for this scientific lacuna are twofold. First, the text critical status of Aquinas’ commentary which has led most scholars to shy away from the commentary. Second, and as a result of the first reason, hardly no investigation has been done on the methodology and sources of Aquinas’ commentary.

It is against this background that the chief concern is to provide a historical-systematical analysis of the exegetical methodologies, the sources and the contents of Aquinas’ commentary to the Letter to the Hebrews as it pertains to the issue of Jewish-Christian engagements.

It is important to note that such a project involves three different but related lines of research. First, a text critical study which investigates the manuscript tradition of Aquinas’ commentary in order to arrive at a more reliable text of Aquinas’ commentary. Second, an investigation into the patristic and medieval reception of the Letter to the Hebrews up to Aquinas in order to identify the main influences on Aquinas’ own reading of Hebrews. Third, a systematical analysis of Aquinas’ text itself, its guiding themes and arguments so as to confront them with the contemporary debates on the theological foundations of Jewish-Christian engagements.

Research objectives

Thus, a historical-systematical analysis of the exegetical methodologies, the sources and the contents of Aquinas’ commentary to the Letter to the Hebrews as it pertains to the issue of Jewish-Christian engagements will realize the following three research objectives (Ro’s):

RO 1) To identify the manuscript tradition of Aquinas’ commentary, the relation between different versions of the commentary and text critical lacunae in the currently used text.

RO 2) To identify the patristic and medieval reception of the Letter to the Hebrews and the use of this reception in Aquinas’ commentary.

RO 3) To investigate the contents of Aquinas’ commentary, its guiding themes and arguments and to bring these into dialogue with contemporary issues regarding Jewish-Christian relations.

Working hypotheses

Our most fundamental working hypotheses (WH) are the following:

WH 1: the current interest in medieval biblical exegesis in general and Thomas Aquinas’ in particular will historically be enriched by an analysis Aquinas’ contribution if advances can be made in our knowledge of the textual and intellectual contents of the commentary on the Letter to the Hebrews within the history of medieval biblical exegesis.

WH 2: a reconfiguration of Jewish-Christian relations on a systematical level stands in need of addressing the reception of the Letter to the Hebrews given the centrality of the themes of the Letter to such a reconfiguration. Given the importance in history of the thought of Thomas Aquinas such a confrontation with his reception of the Letter will nuance the relations from a biblical perspective.

2. Significance of the project

The significance of the project is twofold. First and historically, it will fill in a scientific lacuna in so far as it contains the first in depth study of Aquinas’ commentary on the Letter to the Hebrews in terms of its manuscript tradition, sources and intellectual content and in doing so analyze whether the innovations within medieval biblical exegesis (Dahan 2000, 2009) are present in Aquinas’ Commentary on the Letter to the Hebrews. Moreover, the project will investigate the possible sources from the Victorine school, the Magna Glossatura and two of Aquinas’ immediate predecessors in Paris, Hugh of St. Cher and Peter of Tarentaise and their Postillae on Hebrews are of importance as well as points of reference for Aquinas. In short, from an historical perspective the project is a novelty because it will be the first in depth analysis of the content and sources of Aquinas’ Hebrews commentary.

Second and systematically, the project will bring two lines of research which until now have remained separate, together because the project aims at investigating how Aquinas’ commentary on the Letter to the Hebrews can inform the debate regarding the nature of Jewish-Christian relations (Levering, 2010).  Our project consists in an engagement of such systematical questions with Aquinas’ commentary on Hebrews in order to both clarify Aquinas’ position from the perspective of Hebrews as well as to add this position to the debate about Jewish-Christian dialogue. The innovative nature of the project consists therefore in the combination of historical resources, thus far unexplored, and systematical questions regarding the reception of the Letter to the Hebrews.

The work plan, structured by the main research objectives indicated above, comprises three work packages (WP’s), tasks to be realized.

WP 1 Textual investigations into Thomas Aquinas’ commentary on the Letter to the Hebrews

WP 2 Investigations into the sources and themes of Thomas Aquinas’ commentary on the Letter to the Hebrews

WP 3 Thomas Aquinas’ commentary on the Letter to the Hebrews and Jewish-Christian dialogue

3. Research methodology

The project will be entirely theoretical, employing methodology which is typical for the

Humanities. Three lines of investigations will be conducted. First, a study of the manuscript tradition of the commentary itself. Second, a study of the reception history up to Aquinas. Third, an analysis of the commentary itself in combination with contemporary writings on the issue.

The first line will be based on the Shooner volumes (Shooner 1967; 1973; 1985) and a study of two unedited manuscripts with the goal of clarifying the relation between the two versions as well as establishing necessary text critical corrections.

The second line of investigation will entail first a detailed study of such databases as Stegmüller’s Repertorium Biblicum Medii Aevi, Migne’s Patrologia Latina, Corpus Christianorum in order to gain insight into medieval commentaries on Hebrews. On this basis Aquinas’ explicit and implicit sources in his own Hebrews commentary can be investigated. This investigation leads to a greater insight into the main themes and methods of his biblical exegesis of Hebrews as compared to his predecessors.

A third line of investigation employs a systematical-theological analysis of Aquinas’ commentary from the perspective of the central questions which are currently raised regarding the Jewish-Christian dialogue.

4. Literature

Berndt, Rainer (2009), “Exegese des Alten Testaments. Die Grundstruktur christlicher Theologie bei den Viktorinern”, in Bibel undExegese in Saint-Victor zu Paris. Form und Funktion eines Grundtextes im europäischen Rahmen Bibel und Exegese in Saint-Victor zu Paris (Münster: Aschendorff, 2009), 423-442.

Bogolawski, Steven C. (2008), Thomas Aquinas on the Jews: Insights into his commentary on Romans 9-11 (New York: Paulist Press 2008).

Cai, R. (ed.), Thomas Aquinas, Super Epistolas S. Pauli lectura, t. 2: Super Epistolam ad Hebraeos lectura, (8ª ed.: Marietti, Taurini-Romae, 1953).

Cohen, Jeremy (1982), The Friars and the Jews: The Evolution of Medieval Anti-Judaism, (Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1982).

Cohen, Jeremy (2017), ‘Supersessionism, the Epistle to the Romans, Thomas Aquinas, and the Jews of the Eschaton’ Journal of Ecumenical Studies 52 (2017) 524-553.

Dahan, Gilbert (1990), Les intellectuels chrétiens et les juifs au moyen âge (Cerf, Paris 1990).

Dahan, Gilbert (1999), L’exégèse chrétienne de la Bible en Occident médiéval, XIIe-XIVe siècles (Cerf, Paris 1999).

Dahan, Gilbert (2000) “ Genres, forms and various methods in Christian exegesis of the Middle Ages ” , in Hebrew Bible / Old Testament : The History of its Interpretation, vol. I/2, The Middle Ages, ed. M. Saebo (Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2000), 196-236.

Dahan, Gilbert (2009), Lire la Bible au moyen âge. Essais d’herméneutique médiévale (Genève, Droz 2009).

Dalin, David – Levering, Matthew (eds.) (2008), John Paul II and the Jewish people: a Jewish-Christian dialogue (Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield 2008).

D’Costa, Gavin (2014), Vatican II. Catholic Doctrines on Jews and Muslims, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014.

Füllenbach, Elias (ed.) (2014), Dominikaner und Juden / Dominicans and Jews. Personen, Konflikte und Perspektiven vom 13. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert / Personalities, Conflicts, and Perspectives from the 13th to the 20th Century, (Berlin: De Gruyter 2014).

Greer, Rowan A (1973), The Captain of our Salvation: A Study in the Patristic Exegesis of Hebrews (Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1973).

Guggenheim, Antoine (2004), Jésus Christ, grand prêtre de l’ancienne et de la nouvelle Alliance. Étude du Commentaire de saint Thomas d’Aquin sur l’Épître aux Hébreux (Paris: Parole et Silence, 2004).

Hammele, Matthias (2012), Das Bild der Juden im Johannes-Kommentar des Thomas von Aquin (Stuttgart: Katholisches Bibelwerk, 2012).

Hood, John Y., Aquinas and the Jews, (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995).

Levering, Matthew (2002), Christ’s Fulfillment of Torah and Temple: Salvation According to Thomas Aquinas (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2002).

Levering, Matthew (2010), Jewish-Christian dialogue and the Life of Wisdom: Engagements with the Theology of David Novak (New York: Continuum, 2010).

Levering, Matthew (2016), “Aquinas and Supersessionism One More Time: A Response to Matthew A. Tapie’s Israel and the Church,” Pro Ecclesia 25 (2016): 395–412

Levy, Ian Christopher (2018), Introducing Medieval Biblical Interpretation: The Senses of Scripture in Premodern Exegesis (Grand Rapids MI: Baker Academic 2018).

Roszak/Vijgen (2015): Reading Sacred Scripture with Thomas Aquinas. Hermeneutical Tools, Theological Questions and New Perspectives (Brepols: Turnhout, 2015).

Roszak/Vijgen (2018), Towards a Biblical Thomism: Thomas Aquinas and the Renewal of Biblical Theology.  Ed. Piotr Roszak and Jörgen Vijgen (Pamplona: EUNSA, 2018).

Shooner, H. V., Dondaine, H. F. (1967) “Codices manuscripti operum Thomae de Aquino, t. 1: Autographa et bibliothecae A-F” (Editores operum Sancti Thomae de Aquino, 2: Commisio Leonina, Romae, 1967).

Shooner, H. V. (1973), “Codices manuscripti operum Thomae de Aquino, t. 2: Bibliothecae Gdansk-Münster” (Editores operum Sancti Thomae de Aquino, 3: Commisio Leonina, Romae, 1973).

Shooner, H. V. (1985), “Codices manuscripti operum Thomae de Aquino, t. 3: Bibliothecae Namur-Paris” (Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal – Paris, 1985).

Stegmüller, Friedrich (1950-1980), Repertorium Biblicum Medii Aevi. 11 vols. (Madrid : Consejo superior de investigaciones científicas, 1950-1980)

Tapie, Matthew (2014), Aquinas on Israel and the Church: The Question of Supersessionism in the Theology of Thomas Aquinas (Eugene, OR: Pickwick, 2014).

Vijgen, Jörgen (2018), “Biblical Thomism: Past, Present and Future”, in: Angelicum 95/3 (2018), 263-287.

Previous projects

Tradition and Identity. The Patristic sources of Thomas Aquinas’ Thought (2017-2020)

1. Research Project Objectives (scientific problem aimed to be solved by the proposed project, project’s research hypotheses)

The primary objective of the project is to increase our knowledge of the patristic sources of Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274) and of the way in which Aquinas used these sources in developing his own position. The project will focus on three works of which there is not yet a critical edition, namely his Commentary on the Sentences (c.1252–1257), his Catena Aurea (c.1262–1264) and his Commentaries on the Letters of Paul (possibly 1265–1273). This focus partly justifies the novelty of the project. Within these vast works we will focus on texts which deal with the following four different topics, namely the relation between divine action and causality (Sent. Book II, distinction 1; Catena John 1, Prologue; Commentary on Colossians 1), the nature of marriage (Sent. Book IV, d. 27-42; Catena Matthew 19; Ephes. 5;1 Cor 7), bioethical issues regarding the relation between life and death (Sent. Book II, distinction 19; Catena Matthew 5; Commentary on Galatians) and the formation of Christian identity (Commentary on Galatians). In this way our primary focus, which is historical, can acquire a contemporary significance because these issues are the topic of particular discussions today.

In studying these texts and their patristic sources, we will try to develop the hypothesis that Aquinas’ increasing knowledge of his patristic sources between 1252 and 1273 enabled him to offer an argumentation in the area of these selected topics which is still of significance in contemporary debates. Our working hypothesis has as its starting point the insights of hermeneutical philosophy as initiated by Gadamer (Gadamer 1960) and developed by Taylor (Taylor 1989), MacIntyre (Macintyre 1990) and Ricoeur (Ricoeur 1992). Starting with Gadamer’s rehabilitation of the positive role of tradition in forming the identity of a person or a group, Taylor, MacIntyre and Ricoeur developed the view that any rational inquiry rests on the self-identity of a person or of a group and that self-identities are the result of culturally and socially mediated self-definitions (“narrative identity”). Based on this starting point and in particular with regard to Thomas Aquinas our working hypothesis claims that, precisely because he was actively engaged in employing the diversity of the sources coming from the patristic tradition, he was able to pursue a rational inquiry into the identity of the human person as a socially-related, intersubjective being that can have lasting value for contemporary debates in the areas mentioned above.

The project will therefore be innovative for a number of reasons: (1) it will employ both a historical-critical method in researching for patristic sources as well as a systematical method in exploring the contemporary relevance of Aquinas’ way of thinking regarding the topics of divine action and causality, the nature of marriage, bioethical questions regarding the relation between life and death and the formation of Christian identity (2) it will offer the opportunity to building bridges between researchers and departments in different fields of expertise such as philosophy, biblical studies, patristics, systematical theology, bio-ethics, history, philology, etc. As a result this innovative project will be carried out at an academic level worthy for international recognition by way of publications in first rate journals and publishers.

2. Significance of the project (state of the art, justification for tackling specific scientific problems by the proposed project, pioneering nature of the project, the impact of the project results on the development of the research field and scientific discipline, economic and societal impact).

Whereas the Enlightenment viewed tradition as an important factor in a process of endangering the liberty of the individual, contemporary thought pays much more attention to the positive role of tradition in forming the identity of an individual or a group. Instrumental in this regard is Hans-Georg Gadamer’s rehabilitation in his Truth and Method (Gadamer 1960) of tradition as the hermeneutical context, necessary for the self-understanding of individual or a group. Whereas the Enlightenment viewed tradition as an important factor in a process of endangering the liberty of the individual, contemporary thought pays much more attention to the positive role of tradition in forming the identity of an individual or a group. Instrumental in this regard is Hans-Georg Gadamer’s rehabilitation in his Truth and Method (Gadamer 1960) of tradition as the hermeneutical context, necessary for the self-understanding of individual or a group. Taylor (Taylor 1989), MacIntyre (Macintyre 1990) and Ricoeur (Ricoeur 1992) developed Gadamer’s position in arguing that any rational inquiry rests on the self-identity of a person or of a group and that self-identities are the result of culturally and socially mediated self-definitions (“narrative identity”). The rehabilitation of tradition, as developed in its most influential form by Gadamer, occurred simultaneously with the rediscovery of the patristic sources of the most influential Christian thinkers. This ressourcement movement in theology, beginning in the first half of the twentieth century (see Flynn 2012), argued for the importance of a renewed interest of patristic authors and texts in order to understand the Christian faith. Simultaneously, scholars of the works of Thomas Aquinas began to approach his works from a similarly historically-oriented perspective (see Voste 1937 and Geenen 1946). His various works were no longer read as a unified whole, as many of the neoscholastic authors did, but as a series of philosophical and theological reflections in which Aquinas progressed over the years, partly due to Aquinas’ own renewed understanding of the patristic sources. Over the years Aquinas himself undertook concrete steps to ensure that he had an extensive documentation on the Fathers (many of which he used of for the first time in the Latin West) as well as the best translations of the Greek Fathers available (Conticello 1990).

The details of this undertaking, however, remain to be researched. The critical edition of Aquinas’ works by the Leonine Commission has advanced our knowledge of the patristic sources immensely. However, there remains a large part of his writings of which there is no critical edition. Our project focuses on three of these texts: (TEXT 1) his Commentary on the Sentences (c.1252–1257), Aquinas’s first major work and his first and foundational encounter with the patristic tradition, (TEXT 2) his Catena Aurea (c.1262–1264), a highly original commentary on the Gospels by way of collecting patristic texts, many of which were unknown to Aquinas’ contemporaries and (TEXT 3) his Commentaries on the Letters of Paul (possibly 1265–1273), in which his mature thought and method of combining biblical exegesis, patristic tradition and speculative thinking are displayed.

Precisely these three texts are the object of scholarly interest nowadays. Regarding the first text, the Commentary on the Sentences is heavily studied by the members of the Leonine Commission (Paris) and by the members of the “Aquinas and the Arabs Project” (Marquette University USA). Regarding the second text, there exists a project “Catena aurea electronica” in Paris under the direction of M. Morard and G. Conticello, aiming at providing an electronically accessible critical edition of the Catena Aurea (the so-called Catena Aurea Electronica). The research into the Church Fathers in general also profits from two internationally known institutions, the Augustinianum in Rome (director: R. Dodaro) and the Centre for Patristic Research in Amsterdam (director: P. Van Geest). Although our project is unique in so far as it intends to study the patristic influences on Aquinas both from a historical and systematical perspective (see below), our intention is to seek close contact with these researchers and institutions. The Commentaries on the Letters of Paul have received a lot of interest from the perspective of medieval exegesis. In developing this line of research, carried out in the past at the host institution, we intend to deepen and extend the results achieved there (see Roszak/Vijgen 2015).

In order to test our hypothesis concerning the role of tradition as a determining factor for the intellectual identity of the work of an author, in our case that of Thomas Aquinas, we need to combine both historical and systematical research. Within the texts under investigation (Commentary on the Sentences, Catena Aurea and Commentaries on the Letters of Paul), we will focus on four systematical topics which are of particular relevance today. Each of these systematical topics will be investigated from the perspective of the working hypothesis that the patristic sources present Aquinas with a “narrative identity” on the basis of which he proceeds to analyze the topics under investigation. The question to what extent this hypothesis can be corroborated remains to be seen as it is precisely the object of the project. In any case, our proposed analysis of the patristic sources of the texts mentioned above can increase our knowledge on Aquinas’ use of these sources and whether or not this use represents an original development and whether or not Aquinas’s “narrative identity” as result of these sources still has a lasting value. The topics have been chosen for two reasons: firstly, they are clearly and abundantly present in the concrete texts we mentioned above (see Research Project Objectives) and secondly, these topics enable us to apply the results of our primary objective into contemporary debates.

TOPIC 1: The first topic concerns the relation between divine action and causality in nature. As Michael J. Dodds (Dodds 2012) recently argued, it is precisely this relation that lies at the heart of contemporary discussions regarding the nature of the relation between science and religion. Absent in Dodds’ analysis, however, are the patristic sources of this debate. Our project intends to fill in that gap.

TOPIC 2: The second topic concerns the nature of human relationships and marriage, a topic which is at the centre of much of the cultural debate today (cf. Brake 2016) and which has received controversial interpretations (cf. Oliva 2015). Our project intends to critically examine Aquinas’ relationship to his patristic sources in this domain and bring these results into dialogue with contemporary discussions.

TOPIC 3: The third topic deals with bioethical questions regarding the relation between life and death, a topic which poses numerous questions in contemporary society, in particular concerning the notion of personhood in light of scientific and technological advances in the areas of biology and neuroscience (cf. Eberl 2006; Austriaco 2011). Our project intends to contribute to these discussions by exploring the impact of Aquinas’s sources in the disputed questions regarding the definitions of life and death (cf. Erk 2014, Spaemann 2011).

TOPIC 4: The question of the nature of the Christian identity received particular attention by Aquinas in his discussion on the relation between the law of the Torah and the law of the Gospel. In his discussion Aquinas brings into dialogue the patristic tradition in order to argue for the novelty of the Christian identity. This happens in particular in his Commentary on the Letter to the Galatians. This Letter has recently received attention from medieval scholars (Levy 2011) but not from the perspective of Aquinas. Other scholars have focused on this topic in a systematical way but not from the perspective of the Letter to the Galatians (cf. Boguslawski 2008). Our project will investigate the ways in which Aquinas’s approach to tradition in order to build Christian identity in his Commentary on the Letter to the Galatians can be made fruitful in interreligious dialogue in general and in relation to the Jewish faith in particular. An important part of this topic will be to prepare the first translation into Polish of Aquinas’s Commentary on the Letter to the Galatians.

The novelty of our project consists in the following: (1) none of the projects mentioned in a previous paragraph investigates the patristic sources of the works of Thomas Aquinas both historically and systematically. The Leonine Commission has a purely historical aim, the Aquinas and the Arabs project also has a purely historical aim and is focusing on the Arab sources of the early works of Aquinas, the Catena Aurea Electronica has a purely historical aim and focuses on a single work, the Catena Aurea. (2) Moreover, the combined research of texts, written throughout the life of Thomas Aquinas, will make it possible to look for possible developments within his thinking as well as for possible reasons of the development due to the use of patristic sources. (3) On the basis of our primary objective, it will be possible to investigate ways to engage questions regarding the contemporary relevance of a medieval thinker such as Thomas Aquinas in such much-debated topics as science vs. religion, the nature of marriage, bioethical questions regarding relation between life and death and the formation of Christian identity (4) The approach of the project (combining historical and systematical viewpoints) enables the collaboration of other disciplines such as systematic philosophy, biblical exegesis, patristics, ethics, etc. (5) The dialogue between the patristic sources of Thomas Aquinas and contemporary debates will make it possible to bring our project to the attention of a wide range of scholars and an international audience.

The concrete output will consist in:

• Four scientific articles in international journals
• the monograph in form of collective work (with participation of international experts) about the patristic sources in Aquinas’ thinking, published in English by a renowned academic publisher
• First translation into Polish of Aquinas’s Commentary on the Letter to the Galatians.
• organising a session at the annual International Medieval Congress in Leeds (2019, 2020), participation in the Symposium Thomisticum on Aquinas and modern philosophies (Porto 2017) and Aquinas and the Greeks (Athens 2018).
• the development of a blog in which results of the project will be published

3. Research Methodology (underlying scientific methodology, data reduction and treatment schemes, type and degree of access to the equipment to be used in the proposed research)

Three kinds of investigations will be conducted. (1) First, a chronological study of the texts of Aquinas focusing on identifying the patristic sources, analyzing the argumentative structures of both Aquinas and the patristic sources and comparing the results chronologically in order to be able to determine possible developments within his thought. (2) Second, a study of the existing secondary literature related to our project with the particular aim of distinguishing between Aquinas’s direct contact with the patristic authors and the indirect contact, mediated through other sources that were available to him. (3) A third and systematical investigation consists in the application of these results into the contemporary debates in the subject areas of divine action and causality, the nature of marriage, bioethical issues regarding the relation between life and death and the formation of Christian identity by way of a critical engagement with contemporary philosophical and theological arguments.

The first two kinds of investigations will occur simultaneously and will make use of the following instruments:
The Index Thomisticus (available online www.corpusthomisticum.org)
The Indices in the printed volumes of the critical edition, the so-called Leonine edition, and in several translations.
The Tabula aurea and Concordantiae by Peter of Bergamo (see Peter of Bergamo 1960 and 1982)
The Index by Ch. H. Lohr (see Lohr 1980)
The Bibliographia Thomistica (available online www.corpusthomisticum.org)
The bibliography prepared by E. Portalupi (see Portalupi 2014)

4. Literature

Alarcón, E. 2012. Tomás de Aquino y los primeros manuscritos griegos de la Biblioteca pontificia, w: M. Pérez de Laborda (ed.), Sapienza e libertà. Studi in onore del Prof. Lluís Clavell (PUSC, Roma) 9-20.

Austriaco, N. 2011. Biomedicine and Beatitude: an Introduction to Catholic Bioethics, Washington D.C.
Bataillon, L.-J. 1993. ‘Saint Thomas et les Pères: de la Catena à la Tertia Pars’. C.J. Pinto de Oliveira (ed.), Ordo Sapientiae et Amoris: image et message de saint Thomas d’Aquin à travers les récentes études historiques, herméneutiques et doctrinales, Fribourg, 15–36.

Bertrand, D. 2014. ‘La familiarité de Thomas d’Aquin avec les Pères: évaluation littéraire, historique et théologique’. Berndt, Rainer / Fedou, Michel (Hrsg.), Les réceptions des Pères de l’Église au moyen age (800-1500), Münster, 755–768.

Boguslawski, S. C., 2008. Thomas Aquinas on the Jews: Insights into His Commentary on Romans 9-11, New York.

Brake E. 2016. After Marriage: Rethinking Marital Relationships, Oxford.

Conticello C.G. 1990.‘San Tommaso ed i Padri: la Catena aurea super Iohannem’, Archives d’Histoire Doctrinale et Littéraire du Moyen Age 57, 31–92.

Conticello C.G. 2004. ‘Theophylacte de Bulgarie, source de Thomas d’Aquin (Catena Aurea
in Iohannem)’. B. Janssens (ed.), Philomathestatos. Studies in Greek and Byzantine Texts Presented to Jacques Noret for his Sixty-Fifth Birthday, Leuven/Paris, 63-76.

Dahan, G. 2013. ‘Tradition patristique, autorité et progrès dans l’exégèse médiévale’. Berndt, Rainer / Fedou, Michel (Hrsg.), Les réceptions des Pères de l’Église au moyen age (800-1500), Münster, 349–368.

Dodds, M. 2012. Unlocking divine action. Contemporary science and Thomas Aquinas, Washington D.C.

Eberl, J. 2006. Thomistic Principles and Bioethics, London.

Elders, L. 1997. ‘Thomas Aquinas and the Fathers of the Church’, w: I. Backus (ed.), The Reception of the Church Fathers in the West: From the Carolingians to the Maurists, Leiden/New York/Köln 1997, I, 337–366.

Elders, L. 2005. ‘Présence de saint Jérôme dans les oeuvres de Thomas d’Aquin’, in Nova et vetera 80, 33–61.

Erk, C. 2014. ‘Das Eigentliche des Todes. Ein Beitrag zur Be-Lebung der Debatte über Hirntod und Transplantation‘, in Ethik in der Medizin 26, 121-135.

Flynn G. et al. 2012. (eds.), Ressourcement: a movement for renewal in twentieth-century catholic theology, New York.

Gadamer, H.G. 1960. Wahrheit und Methode: Grundzüge einer philosophischen Hermeneutik, Tübingen.

Geenen, G. 1946. ‘Thomas d’Aquin. VII. Saint Thomas et les Pères’, Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique 15, Paris, 738–761.

Geenen, G. 1975: ‘Le fonti patristiche come autorita` nella teologia di S. Tommaso’, in Sacra Doctrina 20, 7–67.

Levy, I, 2011, The Letter to the Galatians, Grand Rapids (The Bible in Medieval Translation Series)

Lohr, Ch. 1980. St. Thomas Aquinas. Scriptum super senteniis: An index of authorities cited, Avebury.

MacIntyre, A. 1990, Three rival version of moral inquiry, Notre Dame.

Oliva, A. 2015: Amours, Paris.

Peter of Bergamo 1960, In Opera Sancti Thomae Aquinatis Index, seu Tabula Aurea Eximii Doctoris F. Petri de Bergomo, editio fototypica (Roma: Editiones Paulinae, 1960) —aphotograpic reprint of the Vives edition (Paris, 1880).

Peter of Bergamo 1982: Concordantiae Textuum discortantium Divi Thomae Aquinatis, editio
fototypica (Florence: Libreria Editrice Fiorentina, 1982).

Portalupi, E. 1991. Studi sulla presenza di Gregorio Magno in Tommaso d’Aquino, Fribourg.

Portalupi, E. 2014. ‘Remarques préliminaires pour une bibliographie concernant Thomas d’Aquin et les

Pères de l’Église’. Eds.: Berndt, Rainer / Fedou, Michel (Hrsg.), Les réceptions des Pères de l’Église au moyen age (800-1500), Münster, 787–808.

Prügl, Th. 2004. ‘Patristische Fundamente der Ekklesiologie des Thomas von Aquin’, J. Arnold (ed.) Väter der Kirche. Ekklesiales Denken von den Anfängen bis in die Neuzeit. Festgabe für Hermann Josef Sieben SJ zum 70. Geburtstag, Paderborn, 745-769.

Ricoeur, P. 1992. Oneself as Another. The University of Chicago Press: Chicago.

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